Scientific References

AI Enabled Database of Aging Reversal Resources For Each Biomarker Tested

Scroll down and Click on a biomarker description below to see a chart of links to research studies, therapies, products, and supplements for improving performance for that AgeMeter Biomarker. Press X at upper left of chart to return to the list of biomarkers.

The AgeMeter provides functional age and age-related performance measurements for informational purposes only. It does not diagnose, treat, prevent, or cure any disease or medical condition. The references below are provided to document the scientific background for the types of functional and sensory-motor measures used in the AgeMeter. They are not medical advice or treatment recommendations.

Peer Reviewed Scientific Studies Related to AgeMeter Biomarkers

Functional Age

  • Belsky DW, Caspi A, Houts R, et al. Quantification of biological aging in young adults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2015. PubMed
  • Levine ME. Modeling the rate of senescence: can estimated biological age predict mortality more accurately than chronological age? Journals of Gerontology Series A. 2013. PubMed
  • Klemera P, Doubal S. A new approach to the concept and computation of biological age. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 2006. DOI

Highest Audible Pitch

  • Gates GA, Mills JH. Presbycusis. Lancet. 2005. PubMed
  • Ouda L, Profant O, Syka J. Functional changes in the human auditory cortex in ageing. PLoS One. 2015. PubMed

Auditory Reaction Time

  • Fozard JL, Vercruyssen M, Reynolds SL, Hancock PA, Quilter RE. Age differences and changes in reaction time: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Journal of Gerontology. 1994. PubMed
  • Der G, Deary IJ. Age and sex differences in reaction time in adulthood. Psychology and Aging. 2006. DOI

Visual Reaction Time

  • Woods DL, Wyma JM, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Reed B. Age-related slowing of response selection and production in a visual choice reaction time task. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2015. PMC

Visual Movement Time

  • Wang C, Wiegand A, Heed T, et al. Age-related increases in reaction time result from slower preparation, not delayed initiation. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2022. PubMed
  • Seidler RD, Bernard JA, Burutolu TB, et al. Motor control and aging. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2010. DOI

Decision Reaction Time

  • Woods DL, Wyma JM, Yund EW, Herron TJ, Reed B. Age-related slowing of response selection and production in a visual choice reaction time task. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2015. PMC
  • Dykiert D, Der G, Starr JM, Deary IJ. Age differences in intra-individual variability in simple and choice reaction time. PLOS ONE. 2012. DOI

Decision Movement Time

  • Wang C, Wiegand A, Heed T, et al. Age-related increases in reaction time result from slower preparation, not delayed initiation. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2022. PubMed
  • Seidler RD, Bernard JA, Burutolu TB, et al. Motor control and aging. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2010. DOI

Short-Term Memory

  • Mitchell DJ, Cusack R, Cam-CAN. Visual short-term memory through the lifespan. Psychology and Aging. 2018. PubMed
  • Salthouse TA. Selective review of cognitive aging. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 2010. DOI